Alternative fuel options include ethanol, natural gas, propane, hydrogen, bio-diesel, electricity, methanol, and p-series fuels. Electric vehicles (EV) and compressed natural gas (CNG) are the most commercially available choices.

The BAS can monitor, track and control the fueling equipment Monitor when in service and trend usage, notify suppliers when ‘refills’ are needed, sub-meter consumption for M&V

BAS can monitor water usage and control of water consuming systems

Install/use/maintain moisture sensors, clock timers or weather data-base controllers to control high efficiency irrigation heads.

Rain sensors to monitor presence of natural irrigation

The BAS can apply variable flow techniques to zones based on application and requirements.

Operating schedules, weather data, current soil moisture content, water source supply levels and zone vegetation requirements can all be dynamically analyzed by the BAS. Consequently a control algorithm can maximize irrigation efficiency.

Monitoring Applications:

Control Applications:

Water system usage can be monitored and verified by the BAS.

Monitoring Applications:

BAS system must be verified for proper operation with design intent

Valuable tool for data collection tool, sensing tool, control tool, logging and trending, alarming, reporting of “out of parameter” values and for BAS and all connected other building systems

Generate reports of monitored and trended data

BAS and controls must be programmed so that building energy performance outperform ASHRAE 90.1-2004 base building design

Meet the entry level of the EPA Energy Star requirements for

Controls must include:

Program building automation system so that energy using systems will outperform ASHRAE 90.1-2004 base building design

Obtain EPA Energy Star Label for Existing Buildings thresholds at higher levels

Minimum control strategies should include:

Utilization of renewable energy sources avoids the negative environmental impact associated with conventional power generation and does not require expensive energy transportation infrastructure.

The BAS can meter and perform load control of the on-site renewable energy sources

Provide field equipment to monitor for release of CFC, HCFC-based refrigerants and Halon from base building HVAC&R systems and fire suppression

May not be necessary on existing buildings if a stand-alone system already exists or if reporting of refrigerant leakage is planned by other means

Expand BAS functions to include metering data points. M&V activities and commissioning activities should be coordinated.

BAS functions should include:

BAS can assure that adequate ventilation is being supplied while energy usage is being minimized.

Monitor and trend outside air flow rates.

Modulate outside air dampers and ventilation fans to provide adequate ventilation.

Coordinate ventilation as required with other operating criteria such as schedules, actual occupancy, and air quality measurements.

Install permanent carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors as part of the BAS system

Control OA dampers to maintain indoor carbon dioxide levels no higher than outdoor levels by more than 530 ppm at any time

Locate sensors in areas with high occupant densities and spaces at the ends of the longest runs of the distribution ductwork

Most workers spend their time indoors with no ability to adjust their own environment

Through individualized control, occupants can maximize their own comfort

BAS can coordinate control sequences to assure compliance with primary building strategies and goals